(a) An RF amplifier has 20 dB gain and 1 GHz bandwidth. Hot and cold load temperatures ( $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ ) and corresponding amplifier output powers ( $\mathrm{N}_{1}$ and $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ ) were measured as at $\mathrm{T}_{1}=290 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{~N}_{1}$ is -62 dBm and at $\mathrm{T}_{2}=77 \mathrm{~K}$, $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ is -64.7 dBm . If the amplifier is used with input source temperature $\mathrm{T}_{\mathrm{s}}=450 \mathrm{~K}$, Find the output noise power.

Explanation

The output noise power is calculated using the noise temperature of the amplifier, the input source temperature, and the gain of the amplifier.