(a) Consider the code fragment given below: ``` a : integer procedure f1(b: integer) b:= 5 Print a ... a:= 10 f1 (a) print a ``` Differentiate among the terms call-by-value, call-by-reference and call-by-value / result. Explain the output for the above code for call-by- value, call-by-reference and call-by- value / result. $\mathbf{1 5}$
Explanation
In call-by-value, the value of a is passed to the function f1, so a remains 10. In call-by-reference, the reference of a is passed to the function f1, so a becomes 5. In call-by-value/result, the value of a is passed to the function f1, but the result is not returned, so a remains 10.
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