(a) Why is widening of gauge required on sharp curves? Determine the extent of gauge widening required for a broad gauge track on a $5^{\circ}$ curve, given the following data. Wheel base of vehicle is 6 m , Diameter of wheel is 1.524 m and the flanges project 32 mm below the top of the rail. Also indicate the extra width of gauge as per Indian railway standards.
Explanation
The formula used to determine the extent of gauge widening is based on the principle of limiting the lateral force on the wheel due to the curve. The widening of gauge helps to prevent derailment by increasing the distance between the wheel and the rail.
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