Mendel worked out the rules of heredity by working on garden pea using a number of visible contrasting characters. He conducted several experiments by making a cross with one or two pairs of contrasting characters of pea plant. On the basis of his observations, he gave some interpretations which helped to study the mechanism of inheritance. (i) When Mendel crossed pea plants with pure tall and pure short characteristics to produce $\mathrm{F}_{1}$ progeny, which two observations were made by him in $\mathrm{F}_{1}$ plants? 1 (ii) Write one difference between dominant and recessive trait. 1 (iii) (A) In a cross with two pairs of contrasting characters $$ \begin{array}{ccc} \text { RRYY } & \text { X } & \text { rryy } \\ \text { (Round Yellow) } & & \text { (Wrinkled Green) } \end{array} $$ Mendel observed 4 types of combinations in $\mathrm{F}_{2}$ generation. By which method did he obtain $\mathrm{F}_{2}$ generation? Write the ratio of the parental combinations obtained and what conclusions were drawn from this experiment? 2 "It is possible that a trait is inherited but may not be expressed." 2
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